A buildings service involves: energy supply, heating and ventilation, water drainage and pluming, security, fire detection, air conditioning etc.
As an architect you would also have to consider: how big they are, the safety, fire protection, the circulation, if they need to be maintained, if it will pass through the structure etc. Also the architect would have to allocate 20% of the buildings space for services and circulation. Acousticians - they offer a design input in relation to behaviour of sound in the built environment. And to do this they have to take surveys, calculations, modelling and report writing.
Acoustics in a building Reverberation control - They are dictated by room volume and surface finishes - Building regulations are mostly used for schools and residential buildings - Guidance documents are used for hospitals, offices, universities etc. - The architect would have to thing about the material type, the space allowance and location of the building Sound insulation - They difference in sound levels when measured across a dividing element - 20dB = poor, 70dB = extremely high - Sound insulation can be increased by lightweight partitions - The operational conflicts are doors, glazing, sliding partitions, opening and hatched, flaking elements etc. - The architect would have to plan the space allowance, thing about partitions and floor zones etc. Acoustics in the environment - The architect would have to plan good spacing, avoid sensitive spaces (near roof top plant zones), allow space for acoustic screens, define space requirements, consider ventilation strategy, figure out noise impact on the internal noise level criterial, use buffer zones and allow space for mitigation measures. Acoustics in the workplace - For good cellular design - Speech privacy = Partition rating (Dw) + Background noise (Laeq) Within our groups we had to chose two building with we had to study their ventilation, lighting and thermal comfort strategies and later present our findings through environmental drawings.
We visited the Birmingham School of Art to investigate their different strategies. An found many of their ventilation and lighting strategies from their stair well, slopped glazed windows, radiators etc. http://technology-project1.weebly.com/ Changes of the daylight can effect the health of a human.
- Regulation of the circadian system - Mood - Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) - and Ultraviolet (UV) radiation The recommended light levels for different rooms
Daylight factor = (Inside illuminance/ Outside illuminance) X 100 Minimum window areas = 20% floor area, width > 35% of wall length Steps to design for a good natural lighting
Artificial Lighting - Working at night - Allows light deeper into the building - Provides security Ventilation is needed in buildings for human respiration and for the air quality.
- Ventilation for human comfort can improve the air quality, odours, humidity, thermal comfort etc. But having poor ventilation can cause dampness, mould growth, illness etc. - Ventilation for cooling means less of a temperature swing to a building Lightweight buildings Vs. Heavyweight buildings - A lightweight building means it can heat up and cool down quickly. These buildings also have a low thermal mass - A heavy weight building means it can heat up and cool down slowly. These buildings also have a high thermal mass. Natural Ventilation
With a typical home the walls, roofs and windows are where the heat loss is greater. This is also a reason why heating and cooling strategies, which are both passive and active design, are implemented. The heating strategy started with a simple fire, turning into a chimney, radiator, electric heater, and has now turned into a solar water heater.
Strategies for good thermal performance:
A site analysis includes all of the following:
References
landarchBIM, (2015), Site Analysis example [ONLINE]. Available at: http://landarchbim.com/2015/01/22/site-analysis-with-detail-components/cga-site-analysis-copy/[Accessed 28 October 15].
Reference
y2londonmet, (2012), Willis Faber Dumas building in Ipswich, England [ONLINE]. Available at: https://willisfaberdumas.wordpress.com/2012/10/14/hello-world/ [Accessed 21 October 15]. John Soane was the architect of the The Soane Museum in London. When designing this building he had to allow natural daylight inside for people to be able to see clearly. Allowing this natural light inside the museum created an atmosphere through the building. For example in the breakfast room at the Soane Museum there is a dome set in the middle of the room with coloured glass around it that creates a sharp dramatic light. The Dulwich Picture Gallery in London has 'roof lanterns' a similar lighting strategy as the breakfast room. The gallery has used different colours to change the lighting to give us the best view of the pictures. The light colours are used to deflect and dark colours to difuse the light. Other than experimenting with lighting he experimented with heat. Soane had placed an artificial heating system in the gallery. The system was that metal drums were placed inside the gallery but this system had failed and caused the wooden floor to absorb the heat and rot. In todays technology lesson we had a short activity about Glasgow School of Art, Mackintosh Building. The task was about ventilation and we had to show where the fresh air entered the studio through the mechanical ventilation and how the stale air leaves. We found that with mechanical ventilation fresh air enters through the lower part of the room and the stale air leaves through the higher part of the room. References Selvedge, (2015), The Soane Museum [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.selvedge.org/blog/?p=13532[Accessed 14 October 15]. |
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